Quadrature Error

Phase Deviation

Signal leakage in a vibrating sensor occurs when the drive motion couples into the sense circuit ninety degrees out of phase with the actual rate signal. This quadrature error creates a large offset that can saturate the input of the pre-amplifier. It originates from mechanical imbalances or misaligned electrodes that force the proof mass to move in an unintended direction.

Gyroscopic Bias

Rotation sensors are particularly sensitive to these parasitic signals. The quadrature error is often orders of magnitude larger than the signal being measured. Without suppression, the drift becomes unpredictable over temperature.

Demodulation Process

Separation of the unwanted signal happens in the electronic domain. A synchronous demodulator uses the drive clock to identify and isolate the quadrature error from the in-phase rate signal. This process relies on the precision of the clock phase.

If the clock shifts, a portion of the error leaks into the rate channel and causes a bias shift.

Trim Method

Correction at the source involves electrostatic or mechanical balancing. Voltages are applied to specialized electrodes to pull the proof mass back into its intended path, effectively nullifying the quadrature error. This trim is set during the calibration phase at the factory and stored in the non-volatile memory of the sensor.

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