I2C Bus Capacitance

Bus Impedance

Communication networks operating on two-wire serial protocols are constrained by the total parasitic electrostatic storage of the signal lines and connected devices. The i2c bus capacitance is the cumulative capacitance of the printed circuit board traces, the pins of the master device, and the inputs of all slave devices connected to the bus. The official standard limits this value to four hundred picofarads for standard mode and fast mode operations.

Exceeding this limit prevents the signal from reaching the required logic levels within the specified time.

Signal Integrity

High capacitance on the open-drain lines slows the rise time of the serial data and serial clock signals. Because the lines are pulled high by passive resistors, the i2c bus capacitance creates an RC time constant that rounds off the sharp rising edges of the square waves. This rounding can cause communication errors or missed clock pulses when the voltage fails to cross the high-level input threshold.

Speed Limitation

Operating frequencies must be reduced when the i2c bus capacitance is high. This slower rate ensures that the data is valid before the clock line transitions to a high state.

Pullup Optimization

Lowering the resistance of the pullup resistors can compensate for a high bus capacitance by increasing the charging current. This adjustment must be done carefully to avoid exceeding the maximum current rating of the driving pins.

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