Radiographic Examination
The non-destructive evaluation of internal features using ionizing radiation passes through an object to create a two-dimensional shadowgraph. Performing transmission x-ray inspection allows quality control specialists to assess the structural integrity of concealed solder joints and internal package wire bonds. This technique relies on the differential absorption of x-rays by materials of varying densities.
Defect Identification
Integrated circuit packaging requires high-resolution imaging to detect voids in the die attach or the solder balls. When conducting transmission x-ray inspection, the operator evaluates the percentage of voiding against international assembly standards such as IPC-A-610. If the voiding area exceeds the allowed threshold, the package is rejected to prevent field failure.
Solder Verification
Multi-layer board manufacturing utilizes this imaging method to verify the alignment of internal vias and traces. In this context, transmission x-ray inspection provides the only viable way to check for internal solder bridging and opens without destroying the assembly. The resulting high-contrast image identifies sub-surface anomalies that optical microscopes cannot detect, providing a reliable baseline for long-term product qualification and process control.
System Calibration
Standard reference gauges with known void sizes are used to calibrate the inspection system regularly. This calibration ensures that the measurement software accurately calculates void areas and wire-sweep percentages across different product batches.