Electronic Topology
Sensing device where the output signal is directly proportional to the supply voltage. A ratiometric sensor eliminates errors caused by fluctuations in the excitation source because the receiving electronics interpret the signal as a fraction of the input. This design is common in automotive and industrial applications where power supply stability is difficult to maintain.
It simplifies the integration of sensors into battery powered systems. Precision remains high despite voltage drift.
Signal Conversion
Analog to digital converters often use the same reference voltage as the excitation for the sensing element. In a ratiometric sensor, any drift in the supply voltage affects both the sensor output and the converter reference in the same ratio. The resulting digital value remains constant even if the absolute voltage changes.
Load Sensitivity
Variations in the physical quantity being measured produce a proportional change in the output voltage relative to the supply. For a ratiometric sensor with a five volt supply, a zero point might sit at 0.5 volts and a full scale at 4.5 volts.
Cabling Limitation
Resistance in the supply lines can introduce errors if the voltage at the sensor differs from the voltage at the measuring instrument. Four wire Kelvin connections compensate for voltage drops in the supply lines. Correct wiring prevents gain errors.