Transient Protection
Shunting high-voltage spikes away from sensitive electronic components prevents permanent damage caused by electrostatic discharge or inductive switching. Effective tvs suppression relies on specialized silicon diodes that enter a low-impedance state when a breakdown voltage is exceeded. This clamping action limits the voltage seen by the protected circuit to a safe level.
Clamping Voltage
Peak performance is measured by how quickly the device responds to a transient event. For tvs suppression, response times are typically in the picosecond range, which is fast enough to catch electrostatic discharge pulses. The maximum clamping voltage must be lower than the destruction threshold of the protected chip.
Parasitic Capacitance
High-speed data lines require protection devices with very low internal capacitance to avoid distorting the signal. If the tvs suppression diode has too much capacitance, it will round off the edges of digital pulses and cause communication errors. Capacitance values below one picofarad are common for USB 3.0 and HDMI interfaces.
The placement of the component should be as close to the entry point of the transient as possible. This minimizes the lead inductance which can otherwise create voltage overshoots.
Energy Rating
Power dissipation ratings indicate the amount of energy the device can absorb before failure. Standard ratings are based on a specific pulse shape, such as the 10 by 1000 microsecond waveform.